Colosseum

- The Colosseum was a masive stone amphitheater ans was commisioned arund 70-72 A.D. by Emperor Vespasian of the Flavivn dynasty as a gift t th Roman peope

- The Colosseum was officaly opened in 80 A.D. and had 100 days of games

- the games incuded gadiatorial combats and wild animal ights.

- After four centuries of active use, the magnficnt arena fell neglect, and up until the 18thcentury it was used as a source of buiding materials.

- through two-thrids of the origina Colosseum ha ben destoyed over time, the amphitheater remains a popular torit detination, a well as an iconic symbol of Rome and its tumultous history

Circus Maximus

- A chariot racetrack in Rome first cnstructed in the 6th century BCE

- was used for other public events such as the ROman Games and gladiator fights and was last used for chariot races in the 6th century CE.

- it was partially excavated in the 20th century CE and then remoded but it continues toay as one of the modern city's most important ublic spaces, hostng huge crowds at music concerts and rallies

Roman Forum

- in 420 A.D., six years after the seat of imperial government had been removed to the safy of Ravenna, Rome was sacked by Alaric the Visigoth

- in 455 AD, Rome was plundered yet again, this time by Genseric the Vandal, who removed half the gilt-bronze tiles from the roof of the Temple of Jupiter, and then in AD 472 by Ricimer

-  Only a few years later, in AD 476, the last emperor was deposed and the Roman empire in the West ceased to exist.

-  The temples, basilicas, and other monuments in the Forum eventually were abandoned and despoiled until even their names were forgotten.

- They were stripped of the lead and metal clamps that had joined them together, the stones reused, and the marble burned for lime to make cement.

-  For hundreds of years, these depredations would continue until, eventually, the site would be known only as Campo Vaccino, the Cow Field.

- Not until the nineteenth century would the name of the Forum Romanum be heard again.

Aqueducts

- An aqueduct is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water.

- In modern engineering, the term is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose.

- In a more restricted use, aqueduct (occasionally water bridge) applies to any bridge or viaduct that transports water - instead of a path, road or railway - across a gap.

- Large navigable aqueducts are used as transport links for boats or ships.

- Aqueducts must span a crossing at the same level as the watercourses on each end.

- The word is derived from the Latin aqua ("water") and ducere ("to lead").